LPIII UVM, class
Tuesday, April 5, 2011
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Topic: Overview of Language
Sub theme: Structure of a
Theoretical Material. MICROSOFT
. NET
is a new technology that responds to the need for full communication between heterogeneous systems business and high processing capacity.
provides all the tools and technologies for Distributed Web Applications built using standard Web protocols such as
- HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol),
- XML (Extensible Markup Lnguage) and
- SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
- PC, Pocket PC (Palm PC), digital cellular
- ,
- PC games (PC Games), PC
- auto (Auto PC), PC TV
- (Ultimate TV, etc.). MICROSOFT
. NET FRAMEWORK
"The. NET Framework is a multi-language environment for the construction, distribution and execution of Web services and applications."
"The. NET Framework is a new platform designed to simplify development of applications in the distributed environment of Internet. "
"The. NET Framework has two main components: the common language runtime and class libraries. NET Framework."
MICROSOFT PLATFORM. NET
is composed of:
- Framework. Net
- is the main part of the platform. Net It consists of a common compiler (CLR) and a set of components used by the Visual Studio languages. Net
- Blocks Services.
- Net is a collection of Web services that allow integration between users and client applications. Currently, Microsoft has built two services: Microsoft Passport
-
- Microsoft Hailstorm
-
- Visual Studio.
- Net Visual Studio. Net provides a development environment for building high-based applications Marco. Net This technology simplifies the creation, distribution and ongoing evolution of Windows applications, Web applications and Web services that are secure and scalable.
- Enterprise Servers. Net
- These services provide scalability, reliability, management and integration solutions, the main are:
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 §
§ Microsoft Biz Talk Server 2000
Microsoft Host Integration § §
Microsoft Exchange 2000 Enterprise Server
§ Microsoft Application Center 2000
§ Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server 2000
- Microsoft Commerce Server 2000
. NET Framework
Framework Components.
- Net ASP. Net: Web Forms Web Services
- Windows Form User Interface
- ADO. Net: Data and XML
- Framework Class Library.
- Net Common Language runtime (CLR)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Known as the common language runtime. It is the common runtime support all languages \u200b\u200bof the Framework. Net and performs most of the functions to run applications. Net Is in charge of compiling and running an application. Main tasks of the CLR: Upload
- classes and manage the metadata
- Convert Microsoft intermediate language to native code
- Manages the execution of the code automatically manages objects
- Support of Thread, error handling, etc.
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a series of dynamic link libraries (DLLs), also called assemblies. Any executable depends in one way or another in a series of libraries, either at runtime as the time of compilation. For the CLR is that a number of libraries used at run time for our executable or one based on. NET will work.
Framework Class Libraries. Net
common set of classes. Unifies different existing frameworks, APIs
[1] , MFC [2] , WFC, VB and VBA. The main base class called System.
ADO. Net: Data and XML
ADO. Net provides enhanced support for disconnected programming model. ADO. Net also provides extensive support XML.
ASP. Net Forms and Web Services
ASP. Net is a programming framework built into the CLR and can build powerful Web applications.
Terminology used in the Framework. Net
-
- CTS System Common Types, structures and data types of the same in any language. CLR
- Mechanism that defines how the types will be created and manipulated by the runtime environment. NET
- Among the features which includes, we highlight the integration of code written in different languages, running code optimization , a model of object-oriented types, which supports multiple languages.
- CTS tells the CLR how he wants it run the code.
- An example of the advantages of the CTS, is that from a language such as VB.NET, we can instantiate an object from a class written in another language like C #
- types categories
- The types created by the CTS can be classified into two main groups, according to the way they are stored and handled in memory:
- types by value. A type created by value, stores a data which can be accessed directly. The value types are organized in turn into several subgroups, such as native data types. NET platform, data types created by the programmer and enumerated types.
- types by reference. A type created by reference, contains the memory address where a data resides. To access this information, we do it indirectly using that memory address or reference. Reference types are organized in turn into several subgroups, such as classes specific to the platform, the classes created by the developer, interfaces, Delegate, etc.
- When we create a reference type, the instance of a class (an object) to assign to a variable, for example, that rate is in the heap. A variable of this type contains a reference to a value, not the value itself, so if you assign a variable that contains a reference type to another variable, both are said to point or refer to the same value. A reference type it can contain a null value.
- When you create a value type, a variable of numeric type, for example, the value of that variable is in the stack, so that access is direct. By destroying a type of value, the value stored in the stack is also destroyed. If we assign a variable of this type to another, is created in memory a copy of the original value, which we have here two types or variables with equal values. A value type can not be null.
Public
Calculation As Long End Class Module Management
Public Sub Main ()
'declare two variables (value types) Dim
ImportePrim As Long As Long Dim ImporteSeg
ImportePrim = 100
ImporteSeg = ImportePrim
' two variables now have the same value
'ImportePrim -> 100
' ImporteSeg -> 100
'assign a new value to a
' variables
ImporteSeg = 728 'two variables have different values \u200b\u200bnow
' ImportePrim -> 100
'ImporteSeg -> 728
' -------------------------------- -----------
'declare two objects (reference types)
oClienteUno Dim As New Customer () Dim
Customer oClienteDos As
oClienteUno.Calculo = 85000' to assign an object to another variable
'both point to the variables
same object 'or memory address
oClienteDos = oClienteUno
' the two objects have the same value in the property
'oClienteUno.Calculo -> 85000
' oClienteDos.Calculo -> 85000
'assign a new value to the property
' in one of the objects
oClienteDos.Calculo = 120000
'the two objects have the same value
' on property
'as both point
' to the same reference in memory
'oClienteUno.Calculo -> 120000
' oClienteDos. Calculus -> 120000
End Sub End Module
- Packing and unpacking of value types
- packaging operation a value type, also called boxing , is converting a value type to an Object type. The result is a Object variable stored on the stack, and a copy of value type stored in the heap, pointed to the object.
Example:
Pack
Public Class Public Shared Sub Main ()
'type
worth iImporte Dim As Integer = 825
'package:
' assign the value type to
'Object variable Dim
oOtroVal As Object =
iImporte
'if we change the contents of' value type, the Object variable
'retains the original value as
' values \u200b\u200bof both variables
'are independent copies
iImporte = 999' the current values \u200b\u200bof the variables
'would be:
' iImporte -> 999
'oOtroVal -> 825
End Sub End Class
- The opposite process above, called unpacking or unboxing, is to take an Object type and convert it to a type by value. Taking the example above, if we wish to convert the Object variable to a value type, create a new value type variable and assign the Object, creating a copy of the value in the new value type
Public Class Sample Pack
Public Shared Sub Main ()
'value type Dim iImporte
As Integer = 825
' package:
'assign the value type to
' a variable
oOtroVal Object Dim As Object = iImporte
'if we change the contents of
' type by value, Object variable
'retains the original value as
' values \u200b\u200bof both variables
'are independent copies
iImporte = 999' the current values \u200b\u200bof the variables
'would be the following
'iImporte -> 999
' oOtroVal -> 825
'-----------------------
'unpacking:
'create a new value type
' and assign the type
Object Dim As Integer = oOtroVal iNuevoImp
End Sub End Class
-
- CLS common language specification, a set of standards to be met by DLLs. Independence
- language. Language integration. You can write, for example, a library of classes in language, and use different language from another (provided both languages \u200b\u200bcomply with the rules of CLS)
- Opening new languages \u200b\u200b
- MSIL or IL
- Microsoft intermediate language code, independent of the CPU semicompilado
- During the compilation process, the source code is made by the compiler of the language used for writing, and become, not directly to binary code but to an intermediate language, which is called Microsoft Intermediate Language
- This language or intermediate code (hereafter IL), generated by the compiler, is a set of instructions that are independent of operating system or processor that will run the program and dealing with the manipulation of objects, memory accesses, exception handling, etc..
- instant Compilation and execution of IL
- The code intermediate language is not directly executable, known as the processor architecture on which will work
- Before implementation, the IL code must be converted to machine code, using what is called a compiler or IM compiler Just-In-Time (JIT compiler), which is responsible for generating the binary code specific to the processor on which the program will be executed.
- Data and Managed Code
- to write code-oriented use all the features of CLR is called managed code. By default the code written in VB.NET, C # and JScript.NET is administered, so that the programmer should not worry in a special way to configure your project.
- Similar to the code, managed data is data of the application data in memory managed by the CLR through a mechanism called garbage collection. The data are managed by default in applications written in VB.NET, C # and JScript.NET.
- The managed execution is a set of existing elements. NET Framework, which oversees the program code for execution within the CLR, ensuring that the code meets all the requirements to make use of the services provided by the runtime environment, and benefit from its advantages ..
- Assemblies Assemblies
- A is one or more EXE files and / or DLLs that an application is distributed.
- consists of a set of types and resources, meeting to form the most basic unit of code that can run the environment. NET Framework
- The manifesto
- Name
- . A string with the name of the assembly.
- version. Version number. Culture
- . Information on language and other cultural elements that support the assembly. Name
- insurance. For shared assemblies, this name identifies the assembly through a key.
- Filelist. The names and a summary of each of the files that make up the assembly. Reference
- types. Information using the environment to locate the IL code for each of the types contained in the assembly.
- referenced assemblies. List of assemblies to maintain the current facilities.
- NameSpace
- A namespace is a logical name which is a component. Middle
- provided by the platform to organize classes in the environment, grouped in a more logical and hierarchical
- VB.NET syntactic convention to refer to a class within a namespace is the namespace and the class separated by a dot. In the case of access to a class that meets several deep namespaces will specify that namespace separated by a dot, and also at the end, the class
- be accessed from the application code, a class contained within a namespace, we must indicate on by implementing an operation that is called Import
[1] http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Programming_Interface
[2] http://www.winprog.org/tutorial/es/apivsmfc.html
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