Tools
You need a screwdriver, a centering, a aparaguador and a spoke wrench. I prefer the DT spoke wrench, but can be expensive. The key economic radios most prefer is a plastic with a metal mouth called "Spokey.
addition, it is useful to have a sphygmomanometer and a power drill with a drill appropriate. The bit I prefer is the cruciform spent, of which I have filed two of the four fins. This leaves a flat head dots. The tip enters the hole in the middle of the leader, and prevents the screwdriver slips out of the nipple.
Materials:
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Bushings
All modern quality bushings are made of aluminum. The high quality bushings are usually made in forge, and only these should be used for the front wheels of irradiated rectum. I would advise that
avoid hubs No overpricing of the smaller manufacturers that are made by CNC machining, as the fins of these tend to be weaker than those of forged hubs.
If you buy a new hub, the best come to mind, in many cases, are the Shimano. If you want the best regardless of price point, in many applications, Phil Wood.
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Radios / Rays
The preferred material for the radios is stainless steel. Stainless steel is strong and clear, does not suffer oxidation. The wheels are made of cheap radios chrome-carbon steel or galvanized, which are not as strong as stainless steel, and are prone to rust.
leading brands of radios available in the U.S. are DT Wheelsmith.
Titanium is also used to make radios, but I think they are a waste of money. The radii of titanium should be used only with brass nipples, what a combination that does not weigh much less than a stainless steel spokes with alloy nipples.
The carbon fiber spokes have been available, but proved to be brittle and dangerous.
The thickness of radios
radios thickness is sometimes expressed by the gauge of wire. There are a few different national systems to measure the size, and this has caused much confusion. A particular problem is that French gauge numbers get smaller for thinner wires, while the numbers of the caliber of the U.S. and the UK increase for thinner wires. The intersection of these two systems is in full distribution of sizes used for bicycle spokes.
14 gauge US / UK equivalent
French gauge 13 gauge 13 US / UK equivalent gauge French 15The ISO standard practice is to ignore the size numbers and referred to the rays by their diameter in millimeters:
13 gauge U.S. / UK is 2.3 mm 14 gauge U.S.
/ UK is 2.0 mm 15 gauge
US / UK is 1.8 mm 16 gauge
US / UK is 1.6 mmRadios are of uniform thickness or patterned (butted). The radii of uniform thickness are the same thickness throughout its length from the threads to the head.
Of the printed radios are 5 varieties:
- monoconificados Radios are thicker than normal at the end of the hub, then taper to the threads. Monoconificados radios are not common, but are occasionally seen in rugged applications where radio is to use a thicker than normal with a tire that is normal-sized holes.
- double-butted spokes are thicker at the ends than in the middle. The most common thicknesses are 2.0/1.8/2.0 (also known as size 14/15) and 1.8/1.6/1.8 (size 15/16).
- triconificados radios, such as DT Alpine III, are the best choice when searching on all the durability and reliability, as in the case of tandems and bikes for tourism with a lot of equipment. Share the advantages of double-butted spokes and monoconificados. DT Alpine III, for example, measuring 2.34mm in the head, 1.8mm and 2.0mm in the middle at the end of the threads.
- radios "Aero" (elliptical) are a variety of radio double-butted in which the thin part is tapered in elliptical, which makes a bit more aerodynamic than round spokes. The radius of the most widely available type is the Wheelsmith Aero. They measure 1.8mm (gauge 15) at the ends and the middle section corresponds to a radius of 1.6mm (size 16), but an ellipse-shaped 2.0 x 1.6mm. The Aero Wheelsmith radio is my choice for high performance applications, not only for aerodynamic advantage it offers, but also because the elliptical section provides an excellent visual indicator to assist the shipowner or operator of wheels to correct any residual bending radius. This facilitates mounting a wheel to be maintained aligned.
- radios Ærø browsed have an aerodynamic shape more pronounced, rather flattened elliptical. Although most aerodynamic spokes, usually do not pass through the holes in the fins of a normal hub because they are too wide. To use the "leaves" must file a groove in the hub. This can weaken the fin, and usually voids the warranty of the hub. It is also a big hassle.
double-butted spokes perform better and not only because of its low weight. Make thick ends as strong in the areas of high load as straight rays of the same thickness, while the thinner middle section actually gives more elasticity to the radio. This allows them to temporarily stretch more than thicker spokes.
As a result, when the wheel suffers acute localized charges, the most heavily loaded radios can stretch enough to shift some of this burden to neighboring radios. This effect is desired especially when the amount of charge that can occur without breaking a rim around the hole radius is the limiting factor.
radios triconificados mono and meet one of the major problems of wheel design: Since the radios are not rolled and cut threads, the outer diameter of the threads is larger than the diameter of the core wire is does the radio. Since the holes in the fins of the hub should be large enough to let threads, holes, in turn are larger than required by the wire. This is undesirable, because a tight match the diameter of the elbow and the diameter of the hole of the flap is crucial to resist breakage associated with metal fatigue.
Since mono and triconificados radios are thicker at the head end in the end of the threads, are the hubs can be used with holes large enough to just let the wire thickness of the head end .
The "leaves" Hoshi two curves instead of a classical head fad began in the early 90's. For this design could first insert the end with two curves on the wing in order to use these radios with a normal hub. Unfortunately, it proved to be prone to breaking, and I can not recommend.
My Bicycle Glossary has a Weight Table radios (in English) for those who want to know about this subject.
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Kingpin
The ringleaders are commonly made of brass plated. This is a good choice of material because the brass thread accepts a very soft brass nipples and do not corrode easily.
wheels for lightweight high performance, are available alloy nipples. The aluminum nipples save a little weight and can be quite reliable when they are used correctly. They should be used only with tires that have eyelets of some material other than aluminum, because the contact aluminum / aluminum between the rim and the nipple can be immobilized in a leaders due to chemical welding.
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Tire
old tires were made of steel, but are now obsolete, and are found only on bicycles rather cheap and quadrille. The aluminum wheels have exceeded the steel, because they weigh less, are stronger, do not suffer from oxidation and provide better braking.
modern tires are made of extruded aluminum, ie semi-molten aluminum is made out of a specially designed openings to determine the cross section of the rim. With the extrusions are hoops, which are coupled by welding or by a joint piece inserted into the holes at each end of the rim.
Many tires have good quality "eyelets" to reinforce the spoke holes.
length radios
radio length is measured from the inside of the elbow to the end of the threads, usually in millimeters.
When you buy radios to team up with the rim, hub and pattern to use, your dealer should be able to calculate the correct length. Many retailers today in the U.S. use a program called "Spokemaster" that comes with a database Wholesale called "Bike-alog on disc." If you need to do their own calculations, there are several online resources, including the following (all in English) :
radius:
The radiated is more easily granted, with the rim on his knees. Professionals begin to put all the spokes in the hub and then link them to the rim one by one. This technique is a little faster when you have to ride many wheels, but the beginner runs the risk of errors in this way.
mechanics who ride wheels only occasionally typically installed group radii. A normal wheel radio has 4 groups: Half of the radios are on the right fin of the hub, and the other half to the left. The radios in each wing are half and half fullback pointer.
Cruces and different numbers of radios
The following instructions are for a 36-spoke wheel crossed 3 but easily adapt to different patterns by replacing the numbers appropriate.
For example, if you build a 32-spoke wheel, simply:
- replace "32" when the instructions say "36"
- replace "16" when the instructions say "18"
- substitute "8" when the instructions say "9"
- substitute "7" when the instructions say "8 "
If you build a wheel with a different cross pattern, much like we have to add or subtract the appropriate number.
With all the patterns of crosses, intersects only the crossing end so that the spokes pass under each other.
The radio "key"
The first radio to be installed is the "key radio."
This radio should be placed correctly so the valve hole is correctly positioned and that the hole in the rim to match the angles of the spokes. The radio key defender will be a radio on the side of the freewheel. It is easier to start with the radios defenders because they go through the fins inside the hub. If you start with pointers radios, radios clogged with defenders.
Since the key radio voltage is a radio must be installed from outside to inside. The head of the radio is on the outside of the flap. See below: What side of the fin?
rim is customary to orient the label is read from the right side of the bike. If the hub has a label between the fins should be positioned so that the label given to the valve hole. These tips will not contribute to the performance of the wheel, but good editors pay attention to such details as a matter of pride and aesthetics.
wheels are called "right" or "left." This has to do with the relationship between the hole valve and the spoke holes. The spoke holes are not in the middle of the rim but are offset from one side to another. The holes on the left side of the wheel correspond with radios that come out of the left flipper bushing. The following radio hole valve hole is offset to the left wheels and right on others (as shown in the drawing). What is "right" and what is "left"? I have not met anyone who has dared to guess which one it is!
The key is next to the radio or a hole to the right of the valve hole.
Viewed from the right side the hub, the key radio will counter clockwise from the first or second hole to the right of the hole of the valve, depending on how you drilled the rim. The goal is to guide the four radio stations closest to the hole in the valve to facilitate access to the valve.
Secure key radio screwing a bit of a ringleader. Then turn another radio two holes for the bush to the right of key radio leaving a vacant hole on the flap between the two. This radio ends at the rim 4 hole to the right of Radio key free with three holes between the two radios without the hole in the valve.
Follow around the wheel until the 9 the first group of radios is in place. Double check that the spacing is the same in the hub (every third hole should be empty) and rim (must have a radio, three empty holes, a radio, etc.).. Make sure that the spokes pass through the holes in the side of the flap wheel hub. It should look like this:
The second group
Now turn the wheel and look at the hub. The holes in the left wing do not align with the holes on the right wing but in between thereof. If you can not easily view, enter a radius for the left flipper parallel to the axis, and you will see just hitting the right flipper two spoke holes. Orient the wheel so that the valve hole is on top. As is now the wheel from the opposite side of the freewheel, the key radio end in a hole on the left of the valve hole.
If there is a free hole from radio key and the valve hole, insert a radio in the left flipper into the first hole to the left of the key radio and finish on the rim on the first hole to the left of the key radio .
The drawing shows the wheel from the right side:
In the drawing, the radio key is next to the valve hole. This can vary, depending on the drilling of the rim.
For the next step, you should see the left side of the wheel. If there a free slot between key radio and the hollow of the valve, introducing a radio on the fin is oriented left to right from where you key the radio fin, and bring this radio tenth the hole between the key radio and valve hole.
If this step has completed successfully, the newly installed radio not cross the radio key. When you turn the wheel to see your face right , if the tenth radio is to the left of the key radio in the hub, will also be left on the rim. As the first radio group this is a fullback, will move from outside to inside the hub and the head will be on the outside of the flap. Follow the same pattern to enter the 8-spoke left this group.
Once this happened, the wheel will have radios installed the 18 defenders. In the rim should be two radios, two free holes, two radios, two free holes ... etc. as shown in the drawing:
Radios pointers
Turn the wheel to see the drive side. Enter a radius in any hole, but now from inside the hub. Rotate the hub in the sense of clockwise until you turn over and hold it. Since we set up a wheel three crosses, the radio last will cross with three defenders radios in the same wing of the hub.
This radio goes above two defenders radios, but must "Intertwine" the third crossing and must pass under the third defender radio. To carry this radio pointer correctly to its destination is to bend to pass under the third defender radio.
After crossing the radio pointer with three defenders radios, be introduced in one of two possible holes. Choose the hole corresponding to the same side of the hub. Must be next to one of the defenders original radios of the same wing of the hub.
Follow the same pattern to enter the 17 radios that are in this group. If you can not bring a radio to the leader, make sure the heads of the defenders radios are properly seated in their holes. When finished, double check that every other radio in the fin originates opposite the hub.
Different numbers of crosses: The instructions above are for a normal pattern of three crosses. If you use a different cross pattern, substitute the appropriate numbers in the instructions above. With all the numbers of crosses, intersects only the last crossing for a radio go under the other.
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